Archive for the ‘Transaction’ Category

According to the latest survey by the consulting ever is about the behavior of electronic commerce in 2010, it recorded an increase of 5% over the previous year in 43 countries representing 91% of GDP and 74% of the population. The average per ca-pita purchases worldwide was $ 73 last year, according to Ever is.

In the case of Mexico, electronic sales allowed him to settle in at No. 30 among the 41 countries studied, between 2005 and 2010 registering an increase of only 137%. In the region, meanwhile, had sales of five thousand 900 million dollars, representing 1.2% of world total. Adding Brazil, reached 14 thousand 600 million dollars or 2.9% of the total.

It should be noted that the country of Lula ad Silva was the one with the highest sales volume in Latin America, occupying the position 13 worldwide. Followed behind Chile and Argentina which had sales of similar magnitude (thousand 500 million dollars), ranking 28 and 29 seats respectively.

Single Vision

In an analysis of the various individual countries, the United States leads the world rankings with retail sales of 134 thousand 900 million dollars, which account for more than a quarter of the world total.

In second place was Japan. Its sales amounted to 51 thousand 200 million dollars.

These two countries are in the first and second place from which statistics are available in this field. The third place was therefore to China with sales of 36 thousand 900 million dollars, surpassing for the first time in Germany, which was moved to fourth place with 36 billion dollars.

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Accepting credit cards in your company can make a huge difference as it relates to your sales because it significantly expands the potential market to which you can get.

And every day a growing number of consumers who use credit or debit cards for purchases by the benefits that they represent. So today I share this guide to be able to accept cards in your business.

Credit cards, also called plastic money or electronic money have the following advantages for your business:

1. Incremental your sales and your customers that open possibilities for new and modern means of payment. It is estimated that receiving credit cards can increase your sales by up to 30%.

2. In addition, they are also attractive to customers for the convenience and security they represent and to help reduce cash management (an advantage also important for your business.)

3. Methodological speaking, the credit card can increase your sales because psychologically facilitates impulse buying. Transmitted to the consumer a sense of ease of purchase and especially the “buy now”. And of course to be approved in second half prevents the customer can cancel the transaction upon completion.

4. The credit is offered directly by a bank or card company so you do not have to use equity for your client receives the benefit. This of course also means that you have no risk in the transaction because it is not your money that is at stake because the client is responsible to the issuer from the time the credit was granted through possession of a card.

5. Another advantage is that the systems can accept authorization cards 24 hours a day which safely expand your possibilities of operation.

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Can not doubt that in economic, financial market is a mechanism that allows people to easily buy and sell (trade) financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (such as precious metals or agricultural products), and other items worth the value low transaction costs that reflect the efficient market hypothesis.

Financial markets have evolved significantly over hundreds of years and are in constant innovation to improve liquidity.

Markets work by placing many interested buyers and sellers in a “place”, making it easier for them to find another. An economy is highly dependent on the interaction between buyers and sellers to transfer their additional resources for the seller to the buyer to support the free market. This contrasts with a command economy, where the government decides where to allocate resources.

The function of financial markets is:

• The transfer of risk (in the derivatives market)

• The concentration of capital (capital market)

• International trade (in currency markets) In return for the money

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The valuation of transactions between members professionals, individuals and entities linked has been a controversial issue that has been legislative changes over time.

The last amendment is the Royal Decree 1793/2008 of November 3 amending the Corporate Income Tax Regulation laying down the criteria for determining when a transaction takes place at market value adjustment and regulating the administration would have to perform if operation is not considered done at market prices.

To enjoy this assumption include the question of a small size company in which more than 75% of its revenue comes from providing professional development activities, as well as human and material resources for it. On the other hand, the results for the year prior to the deduction as an expense of the salaries of professional partners, must be positive and that the partners must obtain a return of not less than 85% of the previous positive result. This will move the most profit company that partners must include in their income tax.

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New breakthrough in the form of National Identity Document (DNI) issued by the Directorate General of Police (Home Office) is the document that endorsed, for more than 50 years, identity, personal information appears in it and nationality to their owners, such as countries that have long been used Spain.

Throughout his life, national identity has evolved to incorporate advances in technology available at that time, in order to increase both the scope and document security.

With the advent of the Information Society and Internet use is widely need to adjust the mechanism of accreditation of the personality with the new reality and have an effective instrument that transfers the digital world the same certainty with which we operate every day in the physical world and, basically, is:

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The appearance of a term such as transaction costs, effective for the world of digital economy in which we live, is due to the Nobel Prize-winning economist Ronald H. Coase, and several of his famous articles (the germ is found in ‘The Nature of the Firm’). In particular, in the terminology of Coase, transaction costs would become the costs associated with the use and calculation of market price mechanism, or put another way, the costs that firms incur when, instead to use their own internal resources, leaving the market to find those products and services.

Why are there groups of people working together under one organizational framework? Why is there the market within the firm? Why is not profitable to every worker, every step of the production process to become an independent buyer and seller? Why not auction their services draftsman engineer? Why not sell the design engineer to the highest bidder?

For over sixty years, the economist Ronald Coase asked why firms exist. His reflection was aimed directly at the theory of Adam Smith’s invisible hand. Prevailing in the 30s, indicated that a decentralized price system itself managed the allocation of resources more efficient. That is, the market was the best mechanism to match supply and demand, set prices and extract the maximum value of finite resources. Economic activities could be coordinated perfectly by a price system without any coordination mechanism. Then, Coase asked why individuals did not act as independent buyers and sellers together rather than in companies with tens of thousands more workers?

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When we speak of obligations in question are those that have already been the subject of a lawsuit, and dubious, are those that are questionable, its object is not susceptible of determination given or unquestionable, and that can lead to initiate a lawsuit. If there is an open court case, the transaction can only take place in the record presenting to judicial approval. If no lawsuit is called settlement. Concessions should be mutual, otherwise, if the creditor for example, to relinquish its claim waiver of the right was doing, which is another means of extinguishing obligations, and if only the debtor to give up your order, and pave the demand of the plaintiff, would acknowledgment of debt.

In these cases, to dissolve the obligation, the parties may agree, or make a contract, and give each a part of their claims. For example, a person calls another a debt principal and interest by weights ten thousand. The defendant contends that the debt is pesos seven thousand, as he made a payment in dollars three thousand proof of payment which is of doubtful acceptance trial vitiated by a lack of form. The creditor is not certain that this proof of payment will be rejected and the debtor not to be accepted. To avoid delaying the matter and not be sure that their claims will be received, the parties may agree to cancel debt for example eight thousand five hundred pesos.

If any provision of the transaction is null and void the entire contract. The interpretation of the clauses should be restrictively. They can be traded things that are in trade and civil, administrative or contentious labor but not criminal, nor those on the validity or nullity of marriage, unless they are not resolved in favor of validity.

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In Spain there are four kinds of company books for which there only one copy exists and they have to be authenticated by the Commercial Registry for the place where the company has its registered office. The process of authentication prevents tax fraud but also makes it possible for the company to defend itself against public authorities and in the context of legal proceedings.

The Commercial Registry Regulations make it obligatory to authenticate the following books at least:

1. The company’s minute book.

2. The company’s share register or, as the case may be, register of members, depending on whether the company is a public limited company or a private limited company [sociedad limitada] respectively.

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Peru’s parliament opened the proceedings to require the American businessman William Kallop to pay the tax of 482.2 million dollars for taxes levied on the sale of carrier oil for 900 million dollars other liabilities to the State. Petro Tech Peruana (PTP) was sold on February 6, 2009 the consortium of companies Coppertop, Colombia, and Korean National Oil Corporation (KNOC), South Korea, in an operation in the United States.

The transaction was brokered by American International Group and Offshore occurred outside Peru for the purpose of avoiding tax, concluded a committee of the unicameral Congress, chaired by Rep. Johnny Peralta, who investigated the activity of PTP from Kallop foundation by 1993. “The Peruvian state may declare void the sale of Coppertop and KNOC PTP because it violated laws requiring the payment of taxes,” Peralta told IPS. He noted that the fact that the sale occurred abroad does not exempt the tax payable by the change of ownership of a Peruvian company.

Peralta, of the governing APRA party, said the research showed that the trick of Kallop in the sale was part of their practices while he was in front of the PTP. When it changed hands, PTP was a concession to exploit oil at 9.5 million hectares, producing 12,000 barrels of oil a day, and had reported annual revenues of $ 360 million and profits of 134 million in fiscal 2008.

Kallop has offices in the U.S. city of Houston, the capital of the southern oil state of Texas, after leaving Peru in 2008, where he had arrived in the early 90s when he began the regime of Alberto Fumitory (1990-2000) who opened the door to speculative foreign investment. Shortly after its constitution, PTP was granted numerous oil wells in the continental shelf, which is part of the Peruvian maritime platform. Its main fields are in the region of Piura in the north coast of the country, rich in hydrocarbons.

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